From the Principal
Following on from our inaugural Life-Ready event last week I would like to share 10 strategies which might be helpful for parents to try with their children to practise their thinking skills and develop their approach to learning. These strategies have been developed by Professor Ron Ritchhart from Harvard University’s Graduate School of Education, the author of Culture of Thinking, and were shared by Mark Church at his presentation to parents.
The strategies obviously need some thoughtful modification of the suggested kinds of language used so that they are age-appropriate. But, there is no need to avoid an abstract word like “theory” if you are aware that your very young child has an idea of what the word means. You can talk about their understanding of a word and test their understanding by asking “What other theories have you or your class been talking about?”. Two strategies which I think particularly worth pursuing by parents with teenagers are numbers 6 and 7.
Making Thinking Visible: 10 Strategies for Parents
- Name and Notice Thinking – Use the language of thinking to name and notice the thinking your child is using and thus make it more visible. This is especially important when praising and giving feedback: “That’s an interesting theory”, “I like how you have used what you already know to make connections”. “That’s a perspective I hadn’t thought about”.
- Develop a Growth Mindset – A belief that intelligence and ability grow and develop over time–as opposed to something that is fixed and set–encourages greater risk taking, collaboration, enjoyment of challenge, long-term development, and continuous achievement in all types of learning endeavors (Dweck, 2006). Develop a growth mindset in your child by focusing your praise on process, learning and effort (“You really worked hard on this and have learned a lot”, “You did a great job of developing a plan and following it through”, “You’ve really developed as a musician”), as opposed to ability (“You’re so clever”, “Look how smart you are; you did that so fast”, “You’re good at math”, “You’ve got a lot of talent”)
- Challenge but Don’t Rescue – We learn a lot from making mistakes, pushing ourselves out of our comfort zone, and taking risks to try new things. Regularly encountering challenges, mistakes, and failure builds a growth mindset and develops intellectual resilience. When your child encounters difficulties, don’t jump in to solve the problem and rescue him/her. Instead, ask questions that will help him/her to think through the problem, identify, and choose a course of action for moving forward.
- What Questions Did You Ask Today? – Our questions drive us as learners. When Isidor I. Rabi won the Nobel Prize in physics, he was asked, ”Why did you become a scientist, rather than a doctor or lawyer or businessman, like the other immigrant kids in your neighborhood?” He replied, ”My mother made me a scientist without ever intending it. Every other Jewish mother in Brooklyn would ask her child after school: ‘So? Did you learn anything today?’ But not my mother. She always asked me a different question. ‘Izzy,’ she would say, ‘did you ask a good question today?’ That difference–asking good questions–made me become a scientist!”
- Focus on the Learning Over the Work – It’s easy for parents to focus on the work their child has to do and to monitor the completion of that work. However, the completion of work is never the goal of an assignment. Learning is the goal. Take a moment to ask your child what the purpose of each assignment is, what do they think the teacher wants them to learn and get better at as a result. Then monitor the learning, not the work.
- Encourage Connections – Students encounter new information constantly. To learn and make sense of this information they must connect it to previous knowledge and integrate it with their experience. Ask questions of connection and encourage the creation of metaphors, similes, comparisons and contrasts when talking about the topics your child is studying or exploring independently.
- Support Your Child in Arguing Effectively and Persuasively – A recent study in the journal Child Development (J. Allen, 2012) showed that teenagers who argued constructively with their parents by building a case and providing evidence for their position were more able to resist peer pressure to use drugs than were students from more authoritarian households. Researchers found such arguments were training grounds for teens that enabled them to learn to speak up, voice an opinion, and use evidence.
- Provide Time to Pursue Passions – In the movie Race to Nowhere (2010), producer/director Vicki Abeles documents how the pressure to succeed on tests is too often robbing children of rich learning experiences, causing stress-related problems, disengaging students, disrupting home life, and leading to wide-scale cheating. One argument the film makes is that teens need the time and space to pursue their passions and interests. Parents must make sure these passions, which may turn into life callings, are not squeezed out of their child’s life. Pay attention to your child’s learning and passions outside of school and make time for them.
- Make Your Own Thinking Visible – The Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky said, “Children grow into the intellectual life around them.” You are a model for your child of what it means to be a thinker and a learner. Model your own interests, passions, curiosity, reflection, learning, and thinking for your child. Make your own thinking visible to them as a model.
- What Makes You Say That? – This simple question is the “killer app” for parents and teachers. By simply asking, “What makes you say that?”, in a curious and non-judgmental tone after someone has given a response, we are able to get a window into the thinking behind that person’s initial response. Teachers in Sweden referred to this as the magic question, because of how much it was able to reveal about students’ thinking. The reasoning behind the response often tells us much more than the response itself.
Dr Peter Lennox
Main photo caption: Year 10 students enjoying the challenges with which they were presented at the Science and Engineering Challenge at Gaulston College.
